Medial Epicondylitis, often referred to as Golfer’s Elbow or Baseball Elbow, is a condition characterised by pain and inflammation on the inner side of the elbow. It typically results from repetitive use of the forearm muscles, leading to strain and microscopic tears at the tendon attachment on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. In India, this condition affects individuals involved in activities such as golfing, baseball, tennis, or occupations requiring repetitive gripping or wrist flexion.

Studies suggest that around 1-3% of the Indian population may experience Medial Epicondylitis at some point. Early medical attention is advisable if you experience persistent pain and weakness in the inner elbow, especially during activities involving gripping or wrist movements.

Medial Epicondylitis, commonly known as Golfer’s or Baseball Elbow, is a condition characterised by pain and inflammation on the inner side of the elbow, where the tendons of the forearm muscles attach to the bony bump (medial epicondyle) on the inside of the elbow. This condition is primarily caused by overuse or repetitive stress on the forearm muscles and tendons. Here are some possible causes of Medial Epicondylitis:

1. Overuse and Repetitive Motions: The most common cause of Medial Epicondylitis is the repetitive motion of the wrist and forearm, which places excessive stress on the tendons attaching to the medial epicondyle. Activities that involve repeated flexing, gripping, or swinging motions, such as playing golf, baseball, or tennis, can lead to microscopic tears in the tendons. These tiny tears cause inflammation, pain, and weakness in the affected area. Even non-athletic activities, such as using a computer mouse, typing, painting, or gardening, can contribute to the development of Medial Epicondylitis if done repetitively over long periods.

2. Poor Technique and Equipment: Engaging in sports or activities with improper technique can increase the risk of Medial Epicondylitis. For example, golfers who have a poor swing technique or use a club that is too heavy may place undue strain on their forearm muscles and tendons. Similarly, baseball players with improper pitching mechanics or those who overuse certain pitches can develop this condition. Using equipment that is not suited to one’s size or strength can exacerbate the stress on the elbow, leading to overuse injuries.

3. Occupational Hazards: Certain occupations that require repetitive hand, wrist, and arm movements can predispose individuals to Medial Epicondylitis. Jobs that involve manual labour, such as carpentry, plumbing, or assembly line work, often require repetitive gripping, lifting, or twisting motions. Over time, these repetitive tasks can strain the forearm tendons, leading to inflammation and pain. Workers who perform these tasks without adequate breaks or proper ergonomic practices are at higher risk for developing this condition.

4. Age and Physical Conditioning: Age and physical conditioning also play a role in the development of Medial Epicondylitis. As individuals age, their tendons become less flexible and more prone to injury. This natural ageing process, combined with years of repetitive use, can increase the likelihood of developing tendonitis. Additionally, individuals who are not physically conditioned or those who suddenly increase the intensity or frequency of their activities without proper training and conditioning may be more susceptible to tendon injuries.

5. Underlying Health Conditions: Certain underlying health conditions can contribute to the development of Medial Epicondylitis. Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes can affect tendon health and increase the risk of tendonitis. Rheumatoid arthritis causes inflammation in the joints and tendons, making them more vulnerable to injury. Diabetes can lead to changes in tendon structure and impair healing, making individuals more prone to overuse injuries.

Medial Epicondylitis presents with a distinct set of symptoms primarily affecting the inner side of the elbow and forearm. These symptoms typically develop gradually and worsen with repetitive use of the wrist and forearm muscles. Here are the common symptoms associated with Medial Epicondylitis:

1. Pain: Pain is the most prominent symptom of Medial Epicondylitis, felt on the inner side of the elbow where the tendons of the forearm muscles attach to the medial epicondyle of the humerus bone. The pain may radiate down the inner aspect of the forearm. It is often exacerbated by activities that involve gripping, lifting, or twisting motions of the wrist, such as swinging a golf club or throwing a baseball.

2. Tenderness: The area around the medial epicondyle becomes tender to touch. Pressing on or around this area may elicit pain, which can range from mild discomfort to sharp, localised pain.

3. Stiffness: Patients with Medial Epicondylitis may experience stiffness in the elbow joint, particularly after periods of rest or upon waking in the morning. This stiffness can limit range of motion and make it challenging to fully extend or flex the elbow.

4. Weakness: Weakness in the affected arm and wrist is common, especially when performing activities that require gripping or lifting objects. Reduced grip strength can interfere with daily tasks such as shaking hands, turning door knobs, or lifting items.

5. Painful Movements: Specific movements, such as flexing the wrist or squeezing objects, can exacerbate pain in the inner elbow and forearm. Patients may notice pain during activities like gripping a golf club, swinging a tennis racket, or lifting weights.

6. Difficulty with Activities: As Medial Epicondylitis progresses, individuals may find it challenging to participate in sports or perform occupational tasks that involve repetitive wrist and forearm movements. This can lead to functional limitations and impact overall quality of life.