Pleurisy: When Inflammation of the Lung Lining Causes Sharp Chest Pain

February 24, 2026

Pleurisy: When Inflammation of the Lung Lining Causes Sharp Chest Pain

Verified By
KIMS-SUNSHINE
Specialist,
24 February, 2026

The pleura are cells which line the lungs, in the form of a membrane. When this pleural membrane gets inflamed, it can cause a variety of symptoms, as it rubs against the chest membranes around it. This is called pleuritis or pleurisy. The outer lung pleura and the inner chest pleural membranes are separated by a small space, which has fluid circulating within, to allow easy contraction and expansion of the lungs while breathing. If you face chest pain on deep breathing, or other related symptoms, come to KIMS Sunshine – the best hospital for lungs treatment in Hyderabad.

Inflamed Pleura Causes

The most common cause is a viral infection. But, other causes include autoimmune disorders, chest surgery, trauma to the chest, a pulmonary embolism, sickle cell disease, IBD etc. You can also suffer from pleurisy if you take certain medications like isoniazid, procainamide or hydralazine, as they can cause autoimmune – disorder like reactions.

Pleurisy Symptoms

Some of the most common symptoms include

Sharp chest pain while breathing- which has a stabbing sensation. Pain is worse if you cough, take deep breaths or sneeze.
You may cough if you are not able to breathe normally.
You may feel really tired.
You may feel short of breath often due to pleural effusion, where fluid accumulates around the lungs.
You could have a fever, if there is an infection or something similar.

Diagnosis Of Pleurisy

Diagnostic tests include the use of imaging, blood tests and doing a fluid biopsy.

Blood tests can help identify infections, as white blood cell numbers may be high.
An ECG or EKG may be done to make sure that the heart is not causing chest pain, but it is the lungs instead.
X-rays, CT scans or ultrasound scans can help doctors image the pleural membranes better.
The fluid around the lungs can be taken out with a needle and checked by a pathologist, by a process called thoracocentesis.
A thoracoscopy is where a tube with a camera is inserted into the chest cavity, after a small incision is made, to image for pleural effusions, tumours etc. The person is made to lie on their side, anesthesia is given and then the incision is made on the side of the chest, for the scope to enter.

Treatment For Pleuritic Pain

These are some treatment options used-

If an infection is causing your symptoms, then antibiotics or antifungal medications are prescribed.
If you have severe pain, NSAIDs or other painkillers may be recommended.
Draining the fluid around your lungs can help you breathe easier and relieve pressure.

No medication is offered when it is a viral infection causing pleuritis, as it will resolve on its own in a few days time. Complications of not treating pleurisy include pus formation or fluid accumulation around the lungs and your lungs may collapse partially, in some cases.

Conclusion

If you have severe chest pain when taking a deep breath or don’t know why your chest is paining in the first place, you should talk to a specialist immediately at the nearest hospital. Pleurisy is caused when the pleural membranes around the lungs get inflamed. Your symptoms will get better if you get treated soon. So, call us at KIMS Sunshine Hospital, if you have been searching for the best ‘pulmonology hospital near me’ online.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is pleurisy?

Pleurisy, also called pleuritis, is inflammation of the pleura—the two thin layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest wall. When these layers become inflamed, they rub against each other during breathing, causing sharp chest pain. The pain often worsens with deep breaths, coughing, or sneezing. In some cases, pleurisy occurs along with other lung or systemic conditions.

What are the common causes of pleurisy?

Pleurisy can result from viral infections such as influenza or bacterial pneumonia. It may also occur with autoimmune diseases like Lupus and Rheumatoid arthritis. Other causes include pulmonary embolism, chest injury, certain medications, and cancers involving the pleura. Identifying the underlying cause is essential for proper treatment.

What symptoms require urgent evaluation?

Immediate medical care is needed for sudden or severe chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, fainting, or a rapid heart rate. These symptoms may signal serious conditions such as pulmonary embolism, heart problems, or severe infection. Persistent fever or worsening breathing difficulty also requires prompt assessment.

Can pleurisy lead to pleural effusion?

Yes, inflammation of the pleura can cause fluid to accumulate between the pleural layers, leading to a pleural effusion. This fluid buildup can reduce lung expansion and cause increasing shortness of breath. Treatment depends on the cause and the amount of fluid present.

How long does pleurisy take to heal?

Recovery time depends on the cause. Viral pleurisy may improve within a few days to two weeks. When caused by bacterial infection or autoimmune disease, recovery may take longer and requires targeted treatment. Pain relief and management of the underlying condition support healing.