Post-Fracture Stiffness: Why Joints Become Rigid and How Physiotherapy Helps

December 27, 2025

Post-Fracture Stiffness: Why Joints Become Rigid and How Physiotherapy Helps

Verified By
KIMS-SUNSHINE
Specialist,
27 December, 2025

Post-Fracture Stiffness: Why Joints Become Rigid and How Physiotherapy Helps

A fracture as we all know is when a bone cracks or breaks- the body needs a few weeks or months to slowly recover. Making new bone tissue takes time and significant effort, but along with bone, there is scar tissue that is formed. This is what leads to joint stiffness after fracture – which is a combination of tight muscles and swelling due to immobilization. Reduced range of motion is common when you are healing after an injury and this is the case for every joint in the body. But the stiffness is most acutely felt in the ones we use always- like the knees, elbows, wrists or ankles. Preventing stiffness after injury involves using a set post-fracture physiotherapy routine. Not exercising during recovery can lead to permanent joint dysfunction and poor range of motion in the long term.

Causes of Post-Fracture Stiffness

Reduced mobility after fracture is a normal occurrence and it can be attributed to

Formation of adhesions or scar tissue at the injury site.
Lesser circulation which can mean longer healing times.
Muscles contract due to disuse and hence you will lose muscle mass when healing.
Scar tissue formation is a normal immune response that involves the activation of several inflammatory pathways. This by itself can cause swelling and reduced movement.
Damage to surrounding tissue like the tendons, ligaments or joint lining can mean longer healing times.

The best way to kickstart healing is to ensure early mobilisation using gentle exercises at first. Swelling and inflammation can be dealt with heat or cold therapy. Painkillers help greatly in reducing the extent of pain and swelling or tenderness associated with such injuries.

Best Exercises After Fracture

A comprehensive and thoughtfully personalised physical therapy regimen is necessary for proper recovery and it normally involves

Passive and active range of motion exercises.
Strengthening Exercises- Isometric and isotonic exercises which help you regain muscle function and contractility. They can also help reduce the possibility of future injuries.
Manual therapy is recommended – like massage, mobilisation, acupuncture- etc.- to help improve joint function and mobility. Joint mobilisation is included- to break down adhesions and help increase joint movement.
Apart from painkillers, TENS, massage, joint glides, ultrasound therapy- can all be used in combination to help your joints recover better.
Dealing with balance related issues is common- which is why proprioceptive exercises can teach you to walk or move safely and prevent falls in the future.

Conclusion

Some well known and documented early mobilisation benefits include better joint function and mobility, healthier and stronger muscles, reduced swelling and inflammation due to scar tissue formation and lesser pain and discomfort overall. It is important to remember that post fracture stiffness is to be expected but should never be ignored. You need to restore movement and joint function in the most effective way possible and that can be done with physical therapy. An experienced therapist will be able to modify exercises to better suit your needs and you can slowly but surely work up to the normal level in a few weeks or months.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do joints become stiff after a fracture?

Joint stiffness after a fracture occurs because the joint is not moved for a period of time. Lack of movement leads to tightening of muscles, tendons, and ligaments, along with reduced joint lubrication. Swelling and scar tissue formation around the injured area also limit normal movement.

What causes reduced mobility after cast removal?

After a cast is removed, muscles are weaker from disuse and joints may feel tight. The surrounding soft tissues adapt to the fixed position of the cast. Pain, swelling, and fear of movement can further restrict mobility.

Can stiffness become permanent if untreated?

Yes, stiffness can become long term if it is not addressed. Persistent immobility may lead to joint contractures, where tissues shorten and restrict movement. Early rehabilitation reduces the risk of lasting stiffness.

How often should physiotherapy sessions be done?

Physiotherapy frequency depends on the fracture, joint involved, and recovery stage. Sessions are often scheduled one to three times per week, combined with daily exercises at home. The plan is adjusted as movement and strength improve.

What treatments help reduce stiffness faster?

Physiotherapy is the main treatment and includes guided exercises to improve movement and strength. Manual therapy, stretching, and gradual weight-bearing are commonly used. Heat therapy may help relax tight tissues, while pain relief supports active participation in exercises. Consistent home exercises are essential for faster recovery.